Calculating intrument.



G. A. BISHOP. CALCULATING INSTRUMENT. APPLICATION FILED 116V. 13, 1908.

Patented Sept. 24, 1912.

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I TTOIHIEYS O. A. BISHOP.

CALCULATING INSTRUMENT.

APPLICATION runn nov. 1a, 1908.

Patented Sept. 24,1912.

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c. A. BISHOP.

CALCULATING INSTRUMENT APPLICATION FILED NOV. 13, 1903. 1,039,245.

Patented Sept. 24, 1912.

4 sums-sum a.

WITNESSES Ff CW I TTUIHIEYS CLARENCE A. BISHOP, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CALCULATING INSTRUMENT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 24, 1912.

Application filed November 13, 1968. Serial No. 462,376.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CLARENCE A. BISHOP, a citizen ofthe United States,residing in the city of New York, borough of Brooklvn,

county of Kings, and State of New York,

in hours and fractions thereof, or the amount oftime between the hourand minute when a person begins work and the hour and minute when hestops work, and, also, to calculate the wages to which such person isentitled for such elapsed time, at a given rate per hour. The timehavingbeen determined, the calculation of the wages is effected-by means of alogarithmic scale or scales, thereby greatly facilitating the work.

In one aspect, the invention embodies a plurality of movable members anda stationary member, said movable members be ing, preferably, rotatable,and all of said members being preferably concentric. The stationarymember may be a part of, or attached to, a casing for appropriateoperating mechanism, and said stationary member, together with anadjacent movable (rotary) member,'being provided with scales or dialswhereby the elapsed time may be determined. Said movable (rotary) mem-.bers are provided with logarithmic scales,

one of which logarithmic scale represents the rate, and the other beingso related to the time indicating and rate indicating scales as toindicate the resultant calculation in wages for variable periods of timecomputed at variable rates per hour, or fractions thereof.

In a preferred form of the invention, the movable, and preferablyrotary, members are separately actuated by conveniently locatedoperating devices, and in order to secure ease and facility ofoperation,without confusion to the operator, it is preferred to so construct these0 crating devices thatone of them is-actuate by a rotary motion,

whereas another of them is movable with a sliding motion- The inventionembodies, furthermore, a variable stop mechanism, comprising in apreferred form a rotary serrated or toothed member and a sliding dog,the latter being movable *to variable positions depending upon theengagement of said dog with one of a large number of teeth or serrationson the aforesaid rotary member. The dog is carried by a sliding part ofone of said operating devices, whereas the serrated or toothed member issecured firmly to one of the two aforesaid rotary members of theinstrument.

In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated one practical embodimentof the invention, but the construction shown there in is to beunderstood as illustrative, only, and not as defining the limits of theinvention.

Figure 1 is a plan view of a calculating instrument constructed inaccordance with my invention and illustrating the several dials orscales in a position ready to begin the operations of determining thetime and calculating the resulting amount. Fig. 2 is a horizontalsect-ion on the line 2-2 of Fig. 5 looking in the direction of the arrowand showing, more particularly, the variable stop mechanism whereby therotation of one member carrying a logarithmic scale may be arrested at apoint determined by the adjustment of another member, which lattermember is equipped with one part of the time indicating mechanism andanother logarithmic scale. Fig. 3 is another horizontal section on theline 3-3 of Fig. 5 showing, more particularly, the slidable operatingmechanism for imparting rotary motion to the-inner rotary member whichis provided with a logarithmic scale indicating the rate. Fig. 4 is avertical section through the instrument on the line 44 of Fig. 3 lookingin the direction of the arrow, and Fig. 5 is a section at right anglesto Fig. 4 and on the plane indicated by' the irregular dotted line 5-5of Fig. 3 looking in the direction of the arrow.

The several working parts of the instrument are housed or incasedsubstantially within a casing, A, shown in the drawings as circular inshape and provided with a removable base plate, a, the latter beingsecured to a fiaT'nge,- a, by screws, a see Figs. 4 and 5. Projectingupwardly from base plate, 4 is apost, B, preferably integral securedfirmly mounted for rotationin the upper part of casing, A, and disposedin" concentric rela- "tion to each other. Member, D, is provided with adepending boss, 03, which is formed with a central opening adapted toloosely receive fixed spindle, C, whereby rotary member, D, is looselymounted on said fixed spindle for rotation freely with respect thereto.any appropriate shape in cross section, although in Fig. 2 said boss isrepresented as being substantially triangular, and to the lower part ofsaid boss there is rigidly secured a gear or pinion, D, the latter beingapplied to the lower face of the boss, d, and in position by screws, (5Said gear turns with boss, (Z, and member, D, and it is adapted forengagementwith the upper extremity of post, B, whereby member, D, issupported in the upper part of easing, A, so that the upper face of saidmember, D, is exposed to view,as will be apparent from an inspection ofFigs. 1,4 and 5 of the drawings.

Member, E, is shown in the form of a ring adapted to fit between flange,a, at the upper part of casing, A, and the edge of member, D, see Figs.4: and 5. Said. mem

ber, E, is supported in casing, A, for rotation freely therein and so asto be flush substantially with member, D, it being referred to positionrotary members, D,' in substantially the same horizontal plane. Member,E, is provided in its outer edge with an annular groove or recess, e, inwhich is fitted a supporting ring or plate, F, or sections of said ringor plate, as shown in Fig. 2. Said ring or plate is fitted against thelower face of over-hanging flange, a and it is secured thereto byscrews, f, whereby ring, F, or the sections of said. ring, are fixed tocasing, A, and extend loosely in recess, e, of member, E, for thepurpose of supporting said member, rotatably in position. Member, E, is,furthermore, provided with an inwardly extending flange, 6, adapted tofit below the edge portion of member, D, and, furthermore, member, E, isprovided with a depending rim, G, having teeth, g, thereby producing agear of large diameter on the underface of said member, E. Furthermore,member, with a plurality of substantially radial lugs, it, shown inFigs-.112, 4 and 5, said lugs being adapted to support the serrated ortoothed plate forming one element of a variable stop mechanism to behereinafter descrlbed. Rotatable member,

V E, is restrained from 1dle or lost motlon by an appropriate form Thedepending boss, 03, may have is provided with a gear, 2', adapted tomesh E, is provided of brake mechanism herein shown as springs, E,secured to overhanging flange, a, and positioned for engagementfrictionally with the peripheryof said member, E; Said springs restrainthe rotary member, E, from rotation too freely, and they operate toarrest the movement of said member quickly when the rotary operatingmember is stopped, but it will be understood that any other form offrictional brake mechanism may be substituted for the springs which areshown in Fig. 2. a

, One operating device is associated with toothed rim or gear, G, ofmember, for the purpose of rotating the latter, and, as

shown in F igs. 3 and 4, said rotary operating member comprises asleeve, I, which is supported in a boss, 71, at one side of easing,

A. The inner end of said operating sleeve,

directly with toothed rim or gear, G, of-

member, E. Sleeve, I, extends outside of the casing and it is providedwith an ex. ternal thumb wheel or knob, I, the latter.

being made separate from the sleeve and clamped or thereto.

otherwise secured rigidly.

Sleeve, I, constitutes a rotary operatingf means engaging directly witha part of one rotating member, E, for the purpose of turn,- ing thelatter within casing,--A, and relative to a scale on said casing andvtoa scale or scales on member, D. Another operating" mechanism adapted forsliding movement is. provided as a part of the instrument and it hascooperative relationship to gear, I), of member, D, said operating meansimparts rotary movement to member, D. Said sliding operating mechanismembodiesa frame, J, shown in -Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the drawings asconsisting of side bars, j, 9', end bars, j and a cross head, j, the endbars, j and the cross head, i being secured rigidly to the respec? tiveend portions of side bars, 7', j. One of the side bars of said slidingframe is provided with a rack, J, which meshes directly with gear, D,the latter being secured rigidly to depending boss, d, of rotary member,D, as heretofore described. Sliding frame, J, is supported for movementwithin casing, A, by any suitable means, it being preferred to positionsaid frame, J, below members, D, E. As shown, guides, K, K, are fixed tobase, a, at the respective sides of post, B, and said guides are engagedwith bars, j, j, of sliding frame, J whereby said frame is supportedfirmly in position within casing, A, and it is adapted for reciprocatingmovement therein.

To the cross head, j, of sliding frame, J is attached an operat' g stem,L, the latter passing loosely through rotary sleeve, I, and provided atits outer end with an operating knob, Z, the latter being exposedwhereby a'sliding movement of for access outside of thumb wheel, I,wheie by the parts, i, I, are positioned exteriorly to casin A, and theyare adapted for con venient access by the operator. Stem, L, is adaptedto be drawn outward by hand in order to impart sliding movement toframe, J, and rack, J, said rack acting on gear, D, for rotating member,D, with respect to member, E. Rack, J, and stem, L, are retainednormally in the position shown in the drawings by the action of aspring, M, the latter being supported within casing, A, and shown asrestin on a plate, m, extending upwardly from a-se plate, a, see Fig. 1.One end portion, m, of said spring extends below cross head, i and isattached thereto by any suitable means, such as the screw, m

whereby spring, M, is normally connected with sliding frame, J, for thepurpose of impelling the latter inwardly with respectto casing, A, andsubstantially to theposition shown in Fig. 3.

The variable stop mechanism hereinbefore referred to comprises a plate,0, and a dog, P. Said plate, '0, is fitted against the lugs. h, ofmember, E, so as to occupy a position below, and parallel to, members,D, E. Plate,(), is secured rigidly to lugs, h, by screws, h, or otherdevices whereby said plate. 0, is adapted for rotation with member, E.The inner edge of plate, 0, is peculiarly constructed for cooperationwith dog, P, and, as shown, said plate is provided with a substantiallyspiral inner edge, 0, having fine teeth or serrations," 0, and coarseteeth,

0 The coarse or large teeth, 0 are variously positioned or disposed onthe inner edge, 0, of plate, 0, and, as shown, a comparatively widespace or opening may intervene certain coarse teeth, 0 and the fineteeth or serrations, 0.

Dog, P, of the variable stb p mechanism is shown in Figs. 4 and 5 asconsisting of a pointed screw secured rigidly to cross head, of slidingframe, J. Said dog is thus adapted for reciprocating movement withincasing A, and it is in the horizontal plane of plate, 0, so as to haveengagement with any one of the series of coarse or fine teeth on theinner edge of said rotary. plate, 0. Casing, A, is provided with a dialplate, Q, which is secured firmly to overhanging flange, a and, asshown, in Figs. 1 and 2,-

said dial plate, Q, is provided with graduations similar to thedivisions of time on a clock dial, whereby the hours and fractionsthereof are indicated.

Rotary member, D, is provided with a dial plate, R, the latter beingsecured firmly to said member, D, at the edge portion thereof. Said dialplate. It, is provided with divisions and numerals disposed in twocirculan 'rows and representing a logarithmic scale embodying the rate.

Rotary member, E, is provided with a dial plate, per side of said ringand is substantially flush with plates, Q, and R, on cas ng, A, andmember, D, respectively. Sa1d dial plate, S, is provided with a scaleindicating the divisions of time corresponding to the scale on dialplate, Q, and, furthermore, said dial plate, S, is provided withdivisions and numerals in concentric. circles which form anotherlogarithmic scale independent of the scale on dial plate, R, and adaptedto indicate the calculations which are computed by multiplying the timebyv the rate.

Before explaining in detail the precise mode of operation, it is desiredto refer, briefly, to the scales on dials, Q, R, S. The scale on thestationary dial, Q, is graduated similarly to a clock dial, so as torepresent the twelve hours of a day, and fractions of five minutes oftime, for the reason, mainly, that in calculating the wages of workmenin a factory no allowance is made for time under five minutes. Dial, R,on movable member, D, is calibrated with a logarithmic scale. and forcompactness, the scale consists of two circular rows of graduations andnumbers; the numbers in the inner circle running from 1 to 31+ whereasthe numbers in the outer circle run from 32- to 99. The scale of dial,S, is another logarithmic scale for reading the resultant amount ofcalculation in connection with the scale of dial, it; and forcompactness, said scale of dial; S, consists of two circular rows ofdivisions and numbers. In addition to the logarithmic scale, dial, S, isprovided with a clock dial similar to the scale on dial, Q.

Atthe'beginning of the operation, members, D, E, occupy, or may assume,the po sitions shown in Fig. 1, wherein the number 12 of clock dial andnumber 10 of logarithmic scale on revoluble dial, S, are in alinement orregister with number 12 on clock dial, Q, whereas the number oflogarithmic scale on dial, R, is in register with 10 of scale on dial,S. As an example of the calculation, we will assume that a workman isengaged in labor on a particular piece of work from 9.15 a. m. to p. In,and that his wages are 18 cents per hour. The first operation is toascertain the elapsed time, that is, the interval between the periodwhen the work is started, 9.15 a. m. and the period when work isstopped, 4.35 p. m. The op erator turns knob, I, and rotates member, E,in the direction of arrow in Fig. 1, so that the time dial (the outercircle of member, E.) is rotated, the indication thereof denotingbeing'brought opposite to the indication 9.15 on stationary time dial,Q, whereupon the indication on time dial of scale, S, on member, E,which indication-is brought opposite the number 12 ondial, Q,

will show the number 7.20, the latter being which is secured firmly tothe up- *tlieliour; such fractions corresponding tothe elapsed timeofseven hours-and twenty D, with scale, V

minutes. The next step in theorderot' operation is to calculate theamount which the worlmian is entitled to receive forthe labor of sevenhours and twenty minutes at the rate of 18' cents per hour. The operatorpulls on the knob, Z, so as to draw stem, L, outwardly, and, thismovement of the stem operates frame, J, so that rack, J, will turn gear,D, member, D, and dial, R, and at the same time the stop dog, P, will bedrawn outwardly with frame, J, until the stop dog engages with a toothor serration, 0, or 0 of stop plate, 0, the latter having-been turnedwith member, E, and dial, S. Now, when the dog, P, engages a tooth ofstop plate, O,'the outward movement of stem, L, and frame, J, and therotation of member, R, are arrested. As the rate per-hour, 18cents,appears in the lower circle of logarithmic scale, R, the member, D,

will be turned until the indication .18 of scale, R, is opposite to theindication 13.2

in the lower circle of the logarithmic scale on dial, S, the rotation ofmember, D, and scale, it, being arrested automatically at this point bythe dog, P, engaging with serrated plate,-O. When member, D, and scale,R, are rotated and stopped, as described, the operator can read thecalculation ($1.32) by noting in the lower circle of the logarithmicscale on dial, S, the figure olpposite ltlo ogarit the rate, 18, in thelower circle 0 mic scale, R,,on member, D.

From the foregoing it will be observed that the elapsed time can beeasily and quickly determined by the simple operation of turning knob, Ito operate dial, S, with member. E, and thereafter the calculation canbe obtained, and in like manner, by pulling outward the knob, Z, inorder to rotate dial, R, and member, D, with respect to dial, S, suchrotation of R and D being arrested atitomatically by dog, P, engagingwith serrated plate, 0, so as to indicate on dials. R, S, thecalculation resulting from multiplying the elapsed time by the rate perhour.

The operations are simple, automatically determined 'by the machine, andres dily per formed by the average accountant at a material saving intime and. labor.

It is evident that various changes may be made in the construction ofthe operating parts and inthe minor features of the machine withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention. F or-example, I may providea gear pinion on the hub of member, E, in

- stead of the crown gear, G; in lieu of reciprocating rack, J, foroperating gear, D, 'antwnember, D, I may use a toothed seg ment operatedby a swinging movement of a sultablehand piece; and, further, the operating devices ror members, D, E, may be positioned at the respectivesides of the machine so that said devices may be operated by the tWohands of the operator, one device beingoperated by one hand and theother device by the other hand. Furthermore, the character or form ofserrated or toothed member, 0, may be modified and changed to suit therequirements, and the form or construction of the stop devicecooperating with member, 0,,can. be changed to aswinging arm with a studinstead of a sliding stop on the rack, J.

- Having thus fully described the invention, What I claim as new, anddesire to care by Letters Patent is:

1. In a calculating, instrument, means for determining elapsed time,means for indicating said elapsed time, and a logarithmic scalecooperating with said means for calculating the amounts of wages forsuch elapsed time at variable rates per hour.

2. In a calculating instrument, means for indicating variableperiods oftime, and a logarithmic scale cooperating with said indicating means forcalculating the amounts of Wages for such variable periods at vari-'able rates per hour. v

3. In a calculating instrument, a plurality of revoluble membersprovided with dials, separate operating devices whereby said members maybe rotated independently of each other, and stop mechanism operated byor limit the rotation of the other member.

of revoluble members provided with logarithmic scales, a separate clockdial, sepa rate operating devices whereby said members may be rotatedindependently ofeach other, and of saidmembers and adapted to control orlimit the rotation of the other member.

5. In a calculating instrument, a clock dial, a for separately operatingsaid revoluble dials, and stop mechanism whereby the rotation of onedial to a determined position is adapted to arrest the rotation of theother dial at a'determin'ed position.

dial, a rotatable member provided with a clock dial and a logarithmicscale, a second rotatable member having a logarithmic scale, means foroperating the rotatable members, and stop mechanism whereby movement ofthe first named member to a determined position operates, when thesecond member is rotated, to arrest said second member in anotherdetermined position.

7. In a calculating instrument, a clock dial, a rotatable memberprovided with a clock dial and a logarithmic scale, a second rotatablemember having a logarithmic scale,

a. rotary operating device for imparting one or said members and adaptedto control" stop mechanism operated by one plurality of revoluble dials,means 6. In a calculating instrument, a clock I 4. In a calculatinginstrument, a plurality member, means}, named rotatable-finember, andstop mechanism Wherebyjgthe movement of the first named member 'to adetermined position operated-when "the second. member is rotated,

rotary motion said first named rotatable for operating the second toarrest said second member in another determined position.

8."I-n a calculating instrument, a clock dial, a rotatable memberprovided with a clockdial and a logarithmic scale, a second rotatablemember having a logarithmic scale, means"for operating the first namedrotatable member, a slidable operating device adapted to impart rotarymotion to the second named rotatable member, and stop mechanism wherebythe movement of the first named member .to a determined positionoperates, when the second member is rotated,

to arrest sald second member. in another determined position.

9. In a calculating instrument, a clock dial, a rotatable memberprovided-with a clock dial and a logarithmic scale, a second rotatablemember having a logarithmic scale, a serrated stop member movable withthefirst named rotatable member, operating devices for said rotatablemembers, and'another stopmembermovable into engagement with saidserrated stopmember. I

10. In a calculating instrument, a clock dial, a rotatable memberprovided with aclock' dial and a logarithmicscale, a second rota-tablemember having a logarithmic scale, a serrated stop member movablewiththe first named rotatable member, operating devices for s'aidrotatablemembers, and a sliding stop member movable with one of said operatingdevices and adapted to engage with the serrated stop member forarresting the rotation of the second named rotatable member.

,11. In a calculating instrument, rotatable indicating members, devicesfor operating the same separately, a serrated stop member rotatable withone of said indicating members', and another stop member movable withCopies of this patent niay be obtained for one of said operating devicesand adapted to engage with said serrated stop member.

12. In a calculatng instrument, rotatable indicating members, anoperating device for one ofsaid' members, a serrated stop memberrotatable with one of said indicating members, a second stop memberadapted for engagement with the serrated stop member,

and another operating device adapted to irnpart rotary motion to theother indicating member and tosimultaneously actuate the second stopmember until it is arrested by and a secondstop member carried b saidsliding operating device and adapted or cooperation with said serratedstop member.

1 L. I n a calculating instrument, a, plurality of dials positionedsubstantially in the same plane, rotatable members adapted to carrycertain of said dials, separate operating devices for said rotatablemembers, and

stop mechanism cooperating with said rotatable members. 15. In acalculating instrument, a rotatable indicating member having a scale, a

rotatable operating device geared to said indicating member, anotherrotatable indicating member having a scale, a slidable oper ating devicefor said second named indicating member, and stop devices cooperatingwith said indicating members.

16. In a calculating instrument, aqclock dial, an indicating memberhaving a clock dial and a logarithmicscale, means for operating saidindicating member, a second indicating member having a logarithmicscale, an operating device for said second named indicating member, andstop mechanism movable into position by one indicating member in apredetermined position.

I 17 In a calculating instrument, a clock died, an indicatingmemberhaving a clock ing membenfor arresting .the other indicat-- dial anda:logarithmic scale, means for operating said. indicating member, a secondindicating member having alogarithmic scale, a slidable rack geared tothe-second indicating member, means for retracting the rack andretaining the second indicating member normally in a certain position,means for operating the rack, and stop mechanism movable into positionby the first indicating'member-for arresting the second indicatingmember in a positlon to indicate.

the calculation.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name -to this specification in thepresence of two subscribingWitnesses.

, CLARENCE A. BISHOP.

\Vitnesses:

H. I. Bru n-mun, M. C. POWELL.

five cents each, by addressing the f Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C.

